Shallow Water Hard Corals
Shallow-water zooxanthellate, scleractinian coral species (hard corals) currently documented from Bermuda. Catalogue numbers are included for representative species held within the collections of the Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo (BAMZ), and the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM).
|
Species |
Catalogue Number |
|
Family Agariciidae |
- |
|
Agaricia fragilis Dana, 1846 |
BAMZ 2009.266.014 |
|
Family Astrocoeniidae |
- |
|
Stephanocoenia intersepta Lamarck, 1816 |
BAMZ 1998.165.016 |
|
Family Meandrinidae |
- |
|
Dichocoenia stokesi Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848 |
BAMZ 2006.239.024 |
|
Meandrina meandrites (Linnaeus, 1758) |
BAMZ 2003.215.023 |
|
Family Merulinidae |
- |
|
Orbicella franksi (Gregory, 1895) |
BAMZ 1996.150.020 |
|
Family Montastraeidae |
- |
|
Montastraea cavernosa Linnaeus, 1767 |
BAMZ 2008.260.018 |
|
Family Mussidae |
- |
|
Diploria labyrinthiformis (Linnaeus, 1758) |
BAMZ 2002.211.008 |
|
Favia fragum (Esper, 1795) |
BAMZ 1998.165.017 |
|
Isophyllia sinuosa (Ellis and Solander, 1786) |
BAMZ 2006.239.002 |
|
Pseudodiploria strigosa (Dana, 1846) |
BAMZ 2002.211.010 |
|
Scolymia cubensis (Milne Edwards and Haime, 1849) |
BAMZ 2000.185.015 |
|
Family Oculinidae |
- |
|
Oculina diffusa (Lamarck, 1816) |
BAMZ 2004.222.002 |
|
Oculina varicosa (Lesueur, 1821) |
USNM 84442 |
|
Oculina valenciennesi Milne Edwards and Haime, 1850 |
USNM 84299 |
|
Family Pocilloporidae |
- |
|
Madracis auretenra Locke, Weil and Coates, 2007 |
BAMZ 2006.251.016 |
|
Madracis decactis (Lyman, 1859) |
BAMZ 1990.080.037 |
|
Family Poritidae |
- |
|
Porites porites (Pallas, 1766) |
BAMZ 2005.232.012 |
|
Porites astreoides Lamarck, 1816 |
BAMZ 1990.080.041 |
|
Family Siderastreidae |
|
|
Siderastrea radians (Pallas, 1766) |
BAMZ 1990.080.036 |
|
Siderastrea siderea (Ellis and Solander, 1786) |
USNM 16363 |
Note: This list is based on studies conducted by Locke et al. 2013 and incorporates recent taxonomic changes to the Family Mussidae as documented in Budd et al. 2012.
References
Budd AM, Fukami H, Smith ND, Knowlton N. 2012. Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Mussidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 166:465-529
Locke JM, Coates KA, Bilewitch JP. 2013. Scleractinia, Octocorallia and Antipatharia of
Bermuda’s reefs and deep-water coral communities: a taxonomic perspective including new records. In: Sheppard C (ed.) Coral Reefs of the World Vol. 4, Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories. Springer Science and Business Media Dordrecht, pp 189-200
Deep Water Hard Corals
Shallow and deep-water azooxanthellate scleractinian coral species (hard corals) currently documented from Bermuda. Catalogue numbers are included for representative species held within the collections of the Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo (BAMZ), Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom (NHMUK), Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM), and Hessisches Landesmuseum, Germany (HLM). * known in Bermuda from shallow depths (0-3 m), + known from both shallow and deep depths.
|
Species |
Catalogue Number |
|
Family Caryophylliidae |
- |
|
Caryophyllia ambrosia ambrosia Alcock, 1898 |
UKMUK 1880.11.25.30 |
|
Caryophyllia sarsiae Zibrowius, 1974 |
BAMZ 1996.145.020 |
|
Coenocyathus goreaui Wells, 1972 * |
BAMZ 2009.266.011 |
|
Deltocyathus calcar Pourtalès, 1874 |
BAMZ 1996.145.019 |
|
Deltocyathus eccentricus Cairns, 1979 |
NHMUK 1880.11.25.49 |
|
Deltocyathus italicus (Michelotti, 1838) |
NHMUK 1880.11.25.49 |
|
Deltocyathus moseleyi Cairns, 1979 |
NHMUK 1880.11.25.49 |
|
Desmophyllum dianthus (Esper, 1794) |
BAMZ 2001.199.019 |
|
Lophelia pertusa Linnaeus, 1758 |
BAMZ 2011.276.034 |
|
Oxysmilia rotundifolia (Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848) |
HLM Fri Be-15 |
|
Paracyathus pulchellus (Philippi, 1842) |
USNM 61899 |
|
Phyllangia americana americana Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1849 * |
BAMZ 2011.275.001 |
|
Solenosmilia variabilis Duncan, 1873 |
USNM 1025736 |
|
Tethocyathus cylindraceus (Pourtalès, 1868) |
USNM 1114323 |
|
Family Dendrophylliidae |
- |
|
Enallopsammia rostrata (Pourtalès, 1878) |
BAMZ 2001.199.018 |
|
Rhizopsammia bermudensis Wells, 1972 * |
BAMZ 2009.266.013 |
|
Family Flabellidae |
- |
|
Javania cailleti (Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864) |
USNM 1114319 |
|
Polymyces wellsi Cairns, 1991 |
BAMZ 2011.276.025 |
|
Family Fungiacyathidae |
- |
|
Fungiacyathus symmetricus (Pourtalès, 1871) |
NHMUK 1880.11.25.117 NHMUK 1880.11.25.122 |
|
Family Guyniidae |
- |
|
Guynia annulata Duncan, 1872 * |
YPM 8497 |
|
Family Oculinidae |
- |
|
Madrepora carolina (Pourtalès, 1871) |
HLM Fri Be-10 USNM 1114320 |
|
Madrepora oculata Linnaeus, 1758 |
BAMZ 1997.154.019 |
|
Family Pocilloporidae |
- |
|
Madracis asperula Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1849 |
NHMUK 1880.11.25.102 |
|
Madracis myriaster (Milne Edwards and Haime, 1849) |
BAMZ 1997.154.020 |
|
Family Rhizangiidae |
- |
|
Astrangia solitaria (Lesueur, 1817) * |
BAMZ 2009.266.018 |
|
Colangia immersa Pourtalès, 1871 + |
BAMZ 2009.266.017 |
|
Family Stenocyathidae |
- |
|
Stenocyathus vermiformis (Pourtalès, 1868) |
USNM 1116376 |
|
Family Turbinoliidae |
|
|
Deltocyathoides stimpsonii (Pourtalès, 1871) |
BAMZ 2011.276.021 |
Reference
Locke JM, Coates KA, Bilewitch JP. 2013. Scleractinia, Octocorallia and Antipatharia of Bermuda’s reefs and deep-water coral communities: a taxonomic perspective including new records. In: Sheppard C (ed.) Coral Reefs of the World Vol. 4, Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories. Springer Science and Business Media Dordrecht, pp 189-200
Shallow Water Soft Corals
Current species list of shallow-water octocorals (soft corals) in Bermuda with catalogue numbers of exemplary museum specimens contained in the Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo (BAMZ), and the Yale Peabody Museum (YPM).
|
Species |
Catalogue Number |
|
Briareidae Briareum asbestinum (Pallas, 1766) - |
- BAMZ 1992.104.002 YPM IZ 010164 |
|
Gorgoniidae Gorgonia ventalina Linnaeus, 1758 Leptogorgia cf. setacea (Pallas, 1766) Antillogorgia acerosa (Pallas, 1766) Antillogorgia americana (Gmelin, 1791) Pterogorgia citrina (Esper, 1792) |
- BAMZ 2009.266.020 BAMZ 2008.260.008 BAMZ 2009.266.003 BAMZ 2009.266.021 BAMZ 2009.266.023 |
|
Plexauridae Eunicea calyculata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) Eunicea clavigera Bayer, 1961 Eunicea fusca Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 Eunicea knighti Bayer, 1961 Eunicea tourneforti Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857 Eunicea tourneforti forma atra Verrill, 1901 Muricea atlantica (Kükenthal, 1919) Muricea laxa Verrill, 1864 Muricea muricata (Pallas, 1766) Muricea pinnata Bayer, 1961 Muricea cf. waltonsmithi Bayer, 1994 Plexaura flexuosa Lamouroux, 1821 Plexaura homomalla (Esper, 1792) Plexaurella dichotoma (Esper, 1791) Plexaurella grisea Kunze, 1916 Plexaurella nutans (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) Pseudoplexaura flagellosa (Houttuyn, 1772) Pseudoplexaura porosa (Houttuyn, 1772) Pseudoplexaura wagenaari (Stiasny, 1941) |
- BAMZ 2011.274.007 BAMZ 2008.260.040 BAMZ 2011.274.011 BAMZ 2009.265.009 BAMZ 2011.274.004 BAMZ 2011.274.006 BAMZ 2011.274.008 BAMZ 1993.109.003 BAMZ 2011.274.005 BAMZ 2011.274.010 BAMZ 2011.274.009 BAMZ 2009.266.019 BAMZ 2011.274.001 BAMZ 2011.274.002 BAMZ 2009.266.008 BAMZ 2009.266.024 BAMZ 2011.274.003 BAMZ 2009.266.022 BAMZ 2011.274.012 |
Reference
Locke JM, Coates KA, Bilewitch JP. 2013. Scleractinia, Octocorallia and Antipatharia of Bermuda’s reefs and deep-water coral communities: a taxonomic perspective including new records. In: Sheppard C (ed.) Coral Reefs of the World Vol. 4, Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories. Springer Science and Business Media Dordrecht, pp 189-200
Deep Water Soft Corals
Current species list of deep-water octocorals in Bermuda with catalogue numbers of exemplary museum specimens contained in the Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo (BAMZ), Yale Peabody Museum (YPM), and Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM).
|
Species |
Catalogue Number |
|
|
Order Alcyonacea Suborder Alcyoniina Nidaliidae Nidalia occidentalis Gray, 1835 |
- - - BAMZ 2011.274.013 |
|
|
Nephtheidae Gersemia rubiformis (Ehrenberg, 1834) |
- YPM IZ 009922 |
|
|
Suborder Calcaxonia Ellisellidae Ellisella atlantica (Toeplitz, 1929) Ellisella barbadensis (Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864) Ellisella grandis (Verrill, 1901) Nicella gracilis Cairns, 2007 |
- - BAMZ 2011.274.014 BAMZ 2008.261.023 BAMZ 2008.261.022 BAMZ 1992.093.016 |
|
|
Chrysogorgiidae Chrysogorgia fewkesii Verrill, 1883 |
- BAMZ 2011.276.033 |
|
|
Primnoidae Callogorgia sp. Gray, 1858 Callogorgia gracilis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857) Callogorgia verticillata (Pallas, 1766) Candidella imbricata (Johnson, 1862) Narella alvinae Cairns & Bayer, 2003 Narella versluysi (Hickson, 1909) Narella bellissima (Kükenthal, 1915) Thouarella sp. Gray, 1870 Thouarella (Euthouarella) grasshoffi Cairns, 2006 |
- BAMZ 1996.145.003 BAMZ 1996.145.017 BAMZ 2007.258.003 BAMZ 2011.276.037 USNM 100778 USNM 1004792 BAMZ 2011.276.036 BAMZ 1996.145.018 USNM 1121761 |
|
|
Isididae Ceratoisis flexibilis (Pourtalés, 1868) Chelidonisis aurantiaca Studer, 1890 Lepidisis caryophyllia Verrill, 1883 ?Lepidisis simplex? (Verrill, 1883) |
- BAMZ 2001.199.014 BAMZ 1992.097.005 BAMZ 2007.258.010 (in Wright & Studer 1889) |
|
|
Suborder Holaxonia Gorgoniidae Antillogorgia acerosa (Pallas, 1766) |
- - BAMZ 1997.154.098 |
|
|
Keroeididae Thelogorgia vossi Bayer, 1991 |
- BAMZ 1992.093.014 |
|
|
Paramuriceidae Bebryce parastellata Deichmann, 1936 Muriceides kükenthali (Broch, 1912) Scleracis guadalupensis (Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1860) Scleracis petrosa Deichmann, 1936 Thesea citrina Deichmann, 1936 Placogorgia cf. intermedia (Thomson, 1927) Placogorgia tenuis (Verrill, 1883) |
- BAMZ 2007.258.007 BAMZ 2009.266.007 USNM 50665 - BAMZ 2009.066.010 BAMZ 2008.261.024 USNM 1084224 BAMZ 1992.097.005 |
|
|
Plexauridae Eunicea pinta Bayer & Deichmann, 1958 Lytreia plana? (Deichmann, 1936) Muricea elongata Lamouroux, 1821 Plexaurella nutans (Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1860) |
- BAMZ 1997.154.099 BAMZ 2007.258.006 BAMZ 1993.109.004 BAMZ 1997.154.011- |
|
|
Order Pennatulacea Suborder Sessiliflorae Kophobelemnidae Sclerobelemnon theseus Bayer, 1959 |
- - - BAMZ 2009.266.009 |
|
|
Order Telestacea Clavulariidae Telestula septentrionalis Madsen, 1944 |
- - USNM 1025728 |
|
Reference
Locke JM, Coates KA, Bilewitch JP. 2013. Scleractinia, Octocorallia and Antipatharia of Bermuda’s reefs and deep-water coral communities: a taxonomic perspective including new records. In: Sheppard C (ed.) Coral Reefs of the World Vol. 4, Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories. Springer Science and Business Media Dordrecht, pp 189-200
Black Corals
Species of Antipatharia (black corals) currently reported from Bermuda with catalogue numbers of museum specimens within the collections of the Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo (BAMZ), and the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (USNM).
|
Species |
Catalogue Numbers |
|
Family Myriopathidae |
- |
|
Cupressopathes gracilis (Thomson & Simpson, 1905) |
USNM 77489 |
|
Tanacetipathes hirta (Gray, 1857) |
BAMZ 2013.282.011 |
|
Tanacetipathes tanacetum (Pourtalès, 1880) |
BAMZ 2013.282.010 |
|
Tanacetipathes thamnea (Warner, 1981) |
BAMZ 2012.281.005 |
|
Family Antipathidae |
- |
|
Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857 |
BAMZ 2011.273.043 |
|
Antipathes furcata Gray, 1857 |
BAMZ 2011.273.044 |
|
Stichopathes occidentalis Brook, 1889 |
BAMZ 2011.273.081 |
|
Stichopathes setacea Gray, 1860 |
BAMZ 2013.282.012 |
|
Stichopathes cf. spiessi Opresko & Genin, 1990 |
BAMZ 2007.258.011 |
|
Family Schizopathidae |
- |
|
Parantipathes tetrasticha (Pourtalès, 1868) |
BAMZ 2007.258.013 |
Note: This list, based on studies conducted by Locke et al. 2013, incorporates two new records (Stichopathes setacea and Stichopathes occidentalis) identified in collaboration with Dennis Opresko, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Please also note Stichopathes lutkeni, as reported in Cairns et al. 1986 and Locke et al. 2013 has been removed from this list as no representative specimen can be located and therefore it appears that the species may have been misidentified.
References
Cairns SD, den Hartog JC, Arneson C, Rützler K. 1986. Class Anthozoa (Corals, Anemones). In: Sterrer W (ed) Marine fauna and flora of Bermuda. A systematic guide to the identification of marine organisms. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, USA pp. 159-194
Locke JM, Coates KA, Bilewitch JP. 2013. Scleractinia, Octocorallia and Antipatharia of Bermuda’s reefs and deep-water coral communities: a taxonomic perspective including new records. In: Sheppard C (ed.) Coral Reefs of the World Vol. 4, Coral Reefs of the United Kingdom Overseas Territories. Springer Science and Business Media Dordrecht, pp. 189-200